![]() ![]() This means studying and testing functional shapes and geometries to be scaled in the manufacturing of rubber-cement bricks or building components. The main topic of this work is to combine the skills of materials engineering with the possibilities offered by the architectural design in order to maximize the physical–mechanical behavior through topological optimization approach. The mechanical weakness of the rubber-cement mixtures is the starting point of this research work. The modeling work aims to highlight how the topology optimization allows maximizing of the physical-mechanical performances of a standard rubber-cement component for building-architectural applications. After an overview on the performances of 3D printable rubber-cement mixtures developed in our research laboratory, a preliminary experimental Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis will be described. In this context, the development of innovative manufacturing technologies and the use of multi-physics simulation software represent useful approaches for the study of shapes and geometries designed to maximize the technological properties of the material. ![]() This aspect is crucial for the use of the material in building applications, where proper structural integrity must be guaranteed. Whereas an increase in the rubber content in the cement mix will negatively affect the mechanical properties of the material as a decrease in its compression strength. However, the abovementioned performances are affected by type, size, and content of polymer particles used in the cement-based mixtures production. Rubber-modified cement materials show interesting engineering and architectural properties due to the physical-chemical nature of the tire rubber aggregates. ![]() This strategy shows a dual functionality: Economic–environmental benefits and technological functionalization of the building material. Over the past few years, several researchers have worked on incorporating shredded/powdered rubber tires into cement-based material. Hence, tires end up thrown in seas and lands as well as being burnt, harming the living beings, and are therefore considered a very dangerous pollution source for the environment. Thus, without compromising the resolution, we demonstrate the advantages of the time-lagged strategy for ensemble forecasting, assuming QPF as the key target forecast parameter.Generally, in most countries, there are no strict regulations regarding tire disposal. The underlying reason behind our results is the high predictability of topographic rainfall in Taiwan produced by the typhoon circulation, which cannot be properly captured without high model resolution. Leading up to the track convergence, the probabilities across various rainfall thresholds increased markedly, so their time evolution also provided useful information for decision makers and hazard preparation. Within the short range (≤72 h), as the predicted tracks converged toward the best track, high-quality QPFs were consistently generated starting at about 36 h, 55 h, and 80 h prior to landfall, respectively, with derived probabilities in good to excellent agreement with the observations, even at extreme thresholds (≥500 and 700 mm in 24 h). As high resolution is required for numerical models to adequately simulate convective storms and thus produce quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs), a time-lagged ensemble out to 8 days at 6-h intervals using a 2.5-km cloud-resolving model is applied to three rainy typhoons that made landfall in Taiwan in recent years: Saola (2012), Soulik (2013), and Soudelor (2015), following an earlier study.įor the three typhoons where the worst-case rainfall scenario turned out to happen in Taiwan, the system was able to predict this particular scenario with high accuracy (with a rainfall pattern similar to the observed) at an earliest lead time of about 162 h, 79 h, and 164 h before landfall, and thus provided key information for early preparation. ![]()
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